Thevenin's theorem describes the network as seen from the load terminals as which equivalent? (Thevenin equivalent consists of a voltage source V_th in series with resistance R_th; Steps: remove load to find V_th; zero independent sources and find R_th; draw V_th in series with R_th.)

Thevenin's theorem describes the network as seen from the load terminals as which equivalent? (Thevenin equivalent consists of a voltage source V_th in series with resistance R_th; Steps: remove load to find V_th; zero independent sources and find R_th; draw V_th in series with R_th.)

• A. Thevenin is a circuit with a current source in parallel with R_th.
• B. Thevenin treats the network as a voltage source V_th in series with R_th, with steps include removing the load to find V_th and zeroing sources to find R_th.
• C. Thevenin is a voltage source in parallel with R_th.
• D. Thevenin is a current source in series with R_th.

Answer: (B)

From the load’s perspective, any linear network can be replaced by a single voltage source in series with a resistor. That is what Thevenin’s theorem does: it represents the network as V_th in series with R_th. To find V_th, you remove the load and measure the voltage across the two terminals with no current flowing—the open-circuit voltage. That value becomes V_th. To find R_th, you deactivate all independent sources (replace voltage sources with shorts and current sources with opens) and look into the terminals to see the equivalent resistance; that is R_th. Putting those together gives a Thevenin model that behaves like the original network for any load connected across the terminals. The other options imply a current source or place the resistance in parallel, which do not match the Thevenin form.

From the load’s perspective, any linear network can be replaced by a single voltage source in series with a resistor. That is what Thevenin’s theorem does: it represents the network as V_th in series with R_th.

To find V_th, you remove the load and measure the voltage across the two terminals with no current flowing—the open-circuit voltage. That value becomes V_th. To find R_th, you deactivate all independent sources (replace voltage sources with shorts and current sources with opens) and look into the terminals to see the equivalent resistance; that is R_th.

Putting those together gives a Thevenin model that behaves like the original network for any load connected across the terminals. The other options imply a current source or place the resistance in parallel, which do not match the Thevenin form.